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In Myanmar, chewing betel quid (kun-ya) and using to***co are deeply rooted cultural habits, especially among men. However, they have significant health, social, and economic consequences.

Health Impact

* Increased risk of oral cancer, throat cancer, and precancerous mouth lesions.
* Gum disease, tooth decay, stained teeth, and tooth loss.
* Higher risk of cardiovascular disease and other chronic illnesses.
* When betel quid is mixed with to***co (a common practice), the health risks increase substantially.

Prevalence in Myanmar

* Studies found that approximately 59–62% of adult men chew betel quid, while around 18–20% of women do so.
* To***co use among men is also high, and many people use both to***co and betel quid together.

Social and Economic Impact

* Significant household spending on to***co and betel products, particularly among lower-income families.
* Lost productivity due to to***co-related illnesses.
* Public hygiene concerns because of the widespread spitting of betel juice in streets and public places.
* Increased healthcare costs for treating oral cancers and other related diseases.

Cultural Aspect

Betel chewing has long been part of Myanmar’s traditions and social customs. It is often offered to guests and used during ceremonies. Because of this cultural acceptance, reducing its use remains a public health challenge.