Medical Tips

The common form of , in teens and young adults, that is due to overactivity of the oil ( ) glands in the skin that become plugged and inflamed. Acne typically develops when the oil glands come to life around puberty and are stimulated by male hormones that are produced in the glands of both boys and girls. Treatments include keeping the skin clean and avoiding irritating soaps, foods, drinks, and cosmetics. Severe acne and acne in those who are prone to scarring can be treated with topical creams and oral medications. Skin damaged by acne can be improved with treatment by a dermatologist or facial technologist using dermabrasion (sanding), removal of scar tissue via laser, and chemical peels. Also known as .

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A skin condition characterized by dark, thickened, velvety patches, especially in the folds of skin in the armpit, groin, and back of the neck. It can occur with endocrine diseases such as Cushing disease and diabetes mellitus, from tumors of the pituitary gland, underlying malignancies, certain drugs, and as a genetic disorder. It is most common in people who have insulin resistance'those whose body is not responding correctly to the insulin that they make in their pancreas.

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is ?

Streaking is a technique used in for the isolation of single colonies of , either from a mixed species or from the same species. This technique is mostly applicable to bacteria but is also used for some . It is an old technique that has been in use since the time of . It was first demonstrated by and in ’s laboratory. It is a mechanical isolation technique used in , commonly known as the “streaking method”.

Microbial cultures are of two types:

1.
2.

Types of Streak Plate Method :

1. Streaking
2. -Streaking
3.
4.
5. -quantitative Streaking
6.

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The major pathologic and clinical effects of the brain, the , the , the peripheral and
visceral arteries, and the heart.

According to the response to injury , develops as a response of the vessel wall to multifactorial and repetitive injury.

Genetic susceptibility, environmental factors, and endogenous metabolic alterations are risk factors that participate in the of and the formation of plaques in
vessels.

progresses asymptomatically for years until a clinical is reached. The onset of symptoms may be gradual or .

The major treatable risk factors for develop-
ment of are a diet high in saturated fats and , HTN, cigarette smoking, and .

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Technical Errors Affecting the Specimen

Technical complications with the procedure can result in inaccurate test results, an inability to obtain blood, discomfort to the patient, and a rejected specimen.

• Hemoconcentration
In , the plasma portion of the blood passes into the tissue, which increases the concentration of protein-
analytes in the peripheral blood affecting test results.

Causes
■ Prolonged tourniquet application (longer than 1 minute)
■ Site probing
■ Long-term IV therapy
■ Occluded veins
■ Vigorous fist pumping
Increased Test Results
■
■
■
■
■ Iron
■ acid
■
■
■
■

ALERT: Because tests are extremely sensitive to venous stasis, tourniquet application and fist clenching are not recommended when drawing specimens for these tests.

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Certain areas must be avoided for because of the possibility of decreased blood flow, infection, , specimen contamination, or injury to the patient. These areas include:

■ Underside of the
■
■ Edematous areas
■
■ Burned or scarred areas

■ Arm located on the same side as a recent

■ Arm that contains an IV
■ Arm that contains cannulas or fistulas

■ Foot or leg veins (without documented of the physician)

: Leg and foot veins are more susceptible to infection and thrombi formation in patients with diabetes, cardiac problems, and coagulation disorders.

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-examination_Variables





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_BD
_Microtainer_Tubes





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ALERT: When is not obtained from the initial venipuncture, the blood collector should select another site and repeat the
procedure using a new needle.

ALERT: According to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute ( ) standard ( ), another person should be asked to collect the specimens if a successful collection is not obtained
after two attempts.

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